Statement of representatives of Russian and international civil society organizations

We, representatives of Russian and international civil society organisations, are deeply outraged by a new and alarming development in the campaign of pressure against Russian civil society: a potential opening of the first criminal case in the framework of the law on "NGOs as foreign agents."

As we have learned, our colleague Valentina Cherevatenko received summons to present herself on May 6 and then on May 10 at the 7th Investigation Department (located in Rostov-on-Don) of the Main Investigation Department of the Russian Investigative Committee as part of pre-investigation checks into alleged "malevolent evasion of duties imposed by the law on non-profit organizations performing the functions of a foreign agent." Cherevatenko learned during the questioning that the check had been initiated into alleged violations of the said law by two non-profit organizations, the Women of the Don Union and the Women of the Don Foundation for Civil Society Development, where Cherevatenko serves as the Chair of the Coordination Council and the Chair of the Board, respectively. Both organizations have been included in the "foreign agents" register (the Union on June 5, 2014, and the Foundation on October 27, 2015). Eventually, on February 29, 2016, the Russian Ministry of Justice officially deleted the Women of the Don Union from the register on the grounds that "it had stopped performing the functions of a foreign agent." Refusing to accept the "foreign agent" label, both NGOs challenged their listing in the register and related fines in civil and administrative proceedings. With their appeal pending, both groups nevertheless complied with all obligations imposed by the "foreign agents" law, such as filing the required reports and audited statements with the Ministry of Justice and informing the public of the fact that they were listed as "foreign agents"; they also paid all administrative fines imposed by courts.

The Russian Criminal Code provides for criminal liability punishable by up to two years of prison for non-compliance with the "foreign agents" law in article 330.1 added in 2012 as part of a package of amendments pursuant to the enactment of the "foreign agents" law; the only legal ground provided for bringing charges under this article is "malevolent evasion of the duty to file the documents required for inclusion in the register of non-profit organizations performing the functions of a foreign agent."

International bodies have severely criticized this Criminal Code article, as well as the entire "foreign agents" law. In particular, according to the opinion of the Venice Commission of the Council of Europe on Russia's "foreign agents" law, compliance with international standards implies that "[s]evere criminal sanctions should only be applied in case of serious wrongdoing and should always be proportional to this wrongdoing." In his official opinion, the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights described the introduction of criminal sanctions as a severe penalty which can hardly be qualified as "'necessary in a democratic society' while remaining proportionate to the offence committed."

In its official comment dated June 29, 2012, No. 2-VS-3395/12, the Russian Supreme Court stated that the article in question of the Criminal Code failed to comply with the principle of legal certainty, as it did not contain the element of "socially dangerous consequences as a feature distinguishing a criminal act from an administrative offense"; the Court also noted that "malevolent" is an evaluative term, and its lack of legal definition "may cause problems for those responsible for enforcing the law in terms of objective assessment of the act in question and its degree of public danger. " Apparently, these comments were ignored when the law was enacted.

Moreover, the Constitutional Court of Russia stated in its ruling on April 8, 2014, No. 10-P, that "based on the presumption of legality and good faith of non-profit organizations, this obligation should be subject to a notification procedure - based on an NGO's self-assessment of its own intentions - prior to the start of political activity." Thus, following a self-assessment of their work based on the definition provided in the Federal Law on Non-profit Organizations, the Women of the Don Union and the Women of the Don Foundation concluded that neither organization was engaging in political activity; therefore, according to the Constitutional Court's position, they did not have the obligation to file an application for being included in the register.

The above legal opinions clearly indicate that the provision introducing criminal liability for "malevolent evasion of duties imposed by the law on non-profit organizations performing the functions of a foreign agent" fails to meet the principles of legal certainty and proportionality and therefore cannot be applied and must be abolished.

The work performed by the Women of the Don Union and Women of the Don Foundation teams and Valentina Cherevatenko's personal contribution have received well-deserved recognition in and outside Russia. Their contribution to peacekeeping and humanitarian relief during conflicts in the south of Russia has been unprecedented and unique. Launched in the mid-nineties, the permanent conference "Women for a Life without Wars and Violence" offers a unique example of collaboration bringing together civil society activists from all conflict zones in the post-Soviet space. The initiative includes longstanding efforts to maintain dialogue between people in the Chechen Republic and other Russian regions; setting up a network of trauma specialists; design and delivery of a training course for volunteer assistants to psychologists; organizing mobile teams to offer psychosocial assistance to residents of Beslan after the hostage crisis and to people in the flooded Krymsk; helping families at risk and in crisis, victims of violence, and more.

We are convinced that the Russian Investigative Committee's actions in regard of Valentina Cherevatenko constitute an unfounded and disproportionate interference in the operation of civil society organizations and violate Russia's international human rights obligations. Moreover, these actions can establish a dangerous new precedent for criminalization of peaceful and legitimate human rights activity, thus violating the foundations of a democratic society and the rule of law.

We strongly believe that by prosecuting Valentina Cherevatenko, the Russian authorities have effectively brought charges against the entire Russian civil society. This case makes it even more obvious that the "foreign agents" law is unlawful, repressive and needs to be abolished.

We express our support to and solidarity with Valentina Cherevatenko and her colleagues and call on other Russian citizens and foreign colleagues to join us.

We urge the Russian authorities to stop their pressure campaign against Valentina Cherevatenko and the NGOs she leads - the Women of the Don Union and Foundation - and provide a favorable environment for the work of human rights defenders and civil society activists in the south of Russia and in the entire country, including by bringing the legislation on non-profit organizations in full compliance with international standards.

We urge intergovernmental organizations to give special attention to this alarming precedent and use all means available to them to influence the Russian authorities and help put an end to the repressive enforcement of the "foreign agents" law and have this law abolished.

Signatures:
1. Natalia Taubina, director of the Public Verdict Foundation (Russia)
2. Konstantin Baranov, member of the Coordination Council of the International Youth Human Rights Movement (Russia)
3. Elena Shakhova, chair of the Citizen's Watch (Russia)
4. Yuri Dzhibladze, president of the Center for the Development of Democracy and Human Rights (Russia)
5. Alexander Verkhovsky, director of the SOVA Information and Analytical Center (Russia)
6. Dmitry Makarov, co-chair of the Coordination Council of the International Youth Human Rights Movement (Russia)
7. Lyudmila Alexeeva, chair of the Moscow Helsinki Group (Russia)
8. Arseni Roginsky, chair of the International Memorial Society (Russia)
9. Elena Zhemkova, executive director of the International Memorial Society (Russia)
10. Sergei Krivenko, member of the Presidential Council on Development of Civil Society and Human Rights (Russia)
11. Valery Borshyov, member of the Moscow Helsinki Group, co-chair of the Association of Independent Monitors (Russia)
12. Sergei Poduzov, co-chair of the "Man and Law" NGO (Russia)
13. Andrey Kalikh, independent journalist (Russia)
14. Andrey Blinushov, chair of Ryazan Memorial Society (Russia)
15. Tatiana Vinnichenko, chairwoman of the Council of Interregional Public Movement "Russian LGBT network" (Russia)
16. Igor Kochetkov, Director, Legal and Social Support Charitable Foundation "Sphere" (Russia)
17. Sergey Nikitin, head of Amnesty International office in Russia
18. Andrey Laletin, chair of the Council of Krasnoyarsk Public Movement "Friends of Siberian Forests" (Russia)
19. Anatoly Sumbaev, chair of the Council of Social-Ecological Society "Green Dubna" (Russia)
20. Viktor Voronkov, president of the Center of Independent Sociological Research (Russia)
21. Robert Latypov, chair of Perm Regional Branch of Memorial Society (Russia)
22. Svyatoslav Zabelin, coordinator of International Socio-Ecological Union (Russia)
23. Vitaly Servetnik, co-chair of Russian Socio-Ecological Union/Friends of the Earth (Russia)
24. Natalia Kalinina, Amur Ecological Club Ulukitkan (Russia)
25. Oksana Karpenko, executive director of the Center of Independent Sociological Research (Russia)
26. Elena Chikadze, researcher at the Center of Independent Sociological Research (Russia)
27. Sergey Mukhachyov, head of the Tatar Branch of Russian Socio-Ecological Union (Russia)
28. Elena Nemirovskaya, head of the School of Civic Education (Russia)
29. Yuri Senokosov, School of Civic Education (Russia)
30. Alexander Fedorov, director of the Center of Coordination and Information of the Lipetsk Socio-Ecological Union (Russia)
31. Nikolay Sobolev, Socio-Ecological Union (Russia)
32. Alexey Zimenko, general director of the Center for the Protection of Wild Nature (Russia)
33. Lidiya Grafova, chair of the executive committee of the Forum of Migrants' Organisations (Russia)
34. Igor Shkradyuk, Center for the Protection of Wild Nature (Russia)
35. Fedor Kronikovsky, coordinator of Ecological Group "Taiga" (Russia)
36. Andrey Kozlovich, president of the Foundation "Ariston" (Russia)
37. Galina Arapova, Director and senior media lawyer, Mass Media Defence Centre (Russia)
38. Dmitry Krayukhin, chief editor of the Informational and Analytical Human Rights Center "CenterRus" (Russia)
39. Veronika Katkova, chair of the Orlov regional branch of the Movement for the Protection of the Electoral Rights "Golos" (Russia)
40. Igor Sazhin, chair of the Komi Human Rights Commission "Memorial" (Russia)
41. Victoria Ivleva, journalist, photographer (Russia)
42. Olga Zakharova, director of Analytical Centre "Freedom Files" (Russia)
43. Lyudmila Vakhnina, member of the Council of "Memorial" Human Rights Center (Russia)
44. Olga Gnezdilova, attorney (Russia)
45. Marina Rikhvanova, environmental activist, Irkutsk (Russia)
46. Vladimir Nazarenko, president of the Regional Public NGO "Sailing Academy", Taganrog (Russia)
47. Tatyana Spozhakina, chair of NGO "Green Wallet" (Russia)
48. Zinaida Altukhova, chair of the Public Environmental Center, Sakha (Yakutia) (Russia)
49. Alexander Veselov, environmental lawyer, Bashkiria (Russia)
50. Evgenya Chirikova, "Activatica" (Russia)
51. Valentina Semyashkina, "Save Pechora" Committee, Komi Republic (Russia)
52. Dmitrii Rybakov, Association of the Greens of Karelia (Russia)
53. Elena Kolpakova, Russia River Network, Nizhny Novgorod (Russia)

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54. Yevgeniy Zhovtis, Chairman of the Kazakhstan International Bureau for Human Rights and Rule of Law (Kazakhstan)
55. Eldar Zeynalov, director of the Human Rights Center (Azerbaijan)
56. Zalikha Tagirova, member of the Council of the Human Rights Center (Azerbaijan)
57. Oleksandra Matviychuk, chair of the Board of the Center for Civic Liberties (Ukraine)
58. Alexandra Delemenchuk, program director of the Analytical Center for Interethnic Cooperation and Consultations (Georgia)
59. Stefan Melle, director of DRA - German-Russian Exchange, Berlin (Germany)
60. Sardar Bagishbekov, head of Voice of Freedom Foundation (Kyrgyzstan)
61. Sergey Solyanik, consultant at Crude Accountability (Kazakhstan)
62. Maria Yasenovskaya, president of the Kharkov Regional Foundation "Public Alternative" (Ukraine)
63. Krasimir Kanev, chair of the Board of Bulgarian Helsinki Committee (Bulgaria)
64. Alexandru Postica, human rights program director at Promo LEX (Moldova) 
65. Dilrabo Samadova, chair of the Office of Civil Freedoms (Tajikistan)
66. Avetik Ishkhanyan, chair of the Helsinki Committee of Armenia (Armenia)
67. Artur Sakunts, director of Vanadzor office of Helsinki Civic Assembly (Armenia)
68. Mina Goldenberg, ecological activist (Israel)
69. Simon Papuashvili, project coordinator of the International Partnership for Human Rights (Belgium)
70. Katie Morris, Head of Europe and Central Asia Programme, ARTICLE 19 (United Kingdom)
71. Dr. Leila Alieva, head of the Regional Center for Strategic Studies (Azerbaijan)
72. Pepijn Gerrits, Executive Director, Netherlands Helsinki Committee (the Netherlands)
73. Anara Ibraeva, acting director of the organization "Kadir-kasiet" (Kazakhstan)
74. Elena Tonkacheva, chair of the Board of the Center of Legal Transformation (Belarus)
75. Ralph du Long, head of UNITED for International Cooperation (the Netherlands)
76. Tatiana Revyako, president of the Boris Zvozskov Belarussian House of Human Rights (Belarus)
77. Tolekan Ismailova, chair of the Human Rights Movement "Bir Duino-Kyrgyzstan" (Kyrgyzstan)
78. Roza Akylbekova, director of Kazakhstan International Bureau for Human Rights and Rule of Law (Kazakhstan)
79. Danuta Przywara, chair of the Board of Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights (Poland)
80. Vadim Pivovarov, executive Director of the Ukrainian Association of Monitors for Observation of Human Rights in the Law Enforcement Performance (Ukraine)
81. Evgeniya Belorusets, painter, human rights activist, co-editor of the publication "Prostory" (Ukraine, Germany)
82. Stepan Cernousek, chair of the Society "Gulag.cz" (Czech Republic)
83. Michaela Stilova, member of the Society "Gulag.cz" (Czech Republic)
84. Ilya Trombitskiy, executive director of the International Association of the Defenders of River Eco-TIRAS (Moldova)
85. Vera Ammer, Memorial (Germany)
86. Alban Muriqi, Project Manager at the Kosova Rehabilitation Center for Torture Victims (Kosovo)
87. Alima Abdirova, director of the organization "Aru ana" (Kazakhstan)
88. Olga Klimonova, human rights activist (Kazakhstan)
89. Dr. Falk Bomsdorf, independent analyst (Germany)
90. Halya Coynash, Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group (Ukraine)
91. Tetiana Pechonchyk, Chairperson of the Board of the Center of Information for Human Rights (Ukraine)
92. Natalia Arno, President of the Free Russia Foundation (USA)
93. Stephan Doempke, Chairman of the World Heritage Watch (Germany)
94. Oleg Levytskyi, lawyer, Citizens Advise Bureau of Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union (Ukraine)
95. Dr. Anna Schor-Tschudnowskaja, researcher at the Faculty of Psychology, Sigmund Freud Universität (Austria)
96. Joanna Barelkowska, member of women´s peace organisation OWEN e.V. (Germany)
97. Marit Cremer, director of Memorial-Germany (Germany)
98. Oleksandra Bienert, PRAVO, Berlin Group for Human Rights in Ukraine (Germany)
99. Maxim Butkevich, coordinator of "Without Borders Project" of the NGO "Center of Social Action" (Ukraine)
100. Irena Fedorovich, coordinator of "Without Borders Project" of the NGO "Center of Social Action" (Ukraine)
101. Elena Semyonova, chair of "For Protection of People's Housing" (Kazakhstan) 
102. Igor Kolov, chair of the Public Committee for Human Rights (Kazakhstan)
103. Irina Vyrtosu, journalist at the Center of Human Rights Information (Ukraine)
104. Evgeny Zakharov, director of Kharkov Human Rights Group (Ukraine)
105. Mikael Danielyan, chair of the Helsinki Association of Armenia (Armenia)
106. Olga Skrypnyk, head of the Crimean Human Rights Group (Ukraine)
107. Marianne von Grunigen, President of the Swiss Helsinki Committee (Switzerland)
108. Haykuhi Harutyunyan, President of "Protection of Rights without Borders" (Armenia)
109. Izabela Kisic, Executive Director of the Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia (Serbia)
110. Waleria Radziejowska-Hahn, Chair of the Lew Kopelew Forum (Germany)
111. Dr.Marina Grasse, co-founder and member of women´s peace organisation OWEN e.V. (Germany)
112. Lyudmila Kozlovskaya, Open Dialogue Foundation (Ukraine)
113. Christian Dietrich, Landesbeauftragter für Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur (Germany)
114. Peter Frank, Chair of the Co-Group on Russian Federation, Amnesty International, German Section (Germany)
115. Eugene Simonov, coordinator of the International Coalition "Rivers without Borders", Dalny (People's Republic of China)
116. Reinhard Weißhuhn, Board Member, Robert-Havemann-Gesellschaft, Berlin (Germany)
117. Nigina Bakhrieva, founder of the public foundation "Notabene" (Tajikistan)
118. Maren Koop, Amnesty International (Germany)
119. Dana Jirous, project coordinator, OWEN e.V. (Germany)
120. Uli Epple, Wasserburg (Germany)
121. Constantin Köster, Member of Amnesty International, German Section, Berlin (Germany)
122. Yusup Kamalov, chair of the Union for Protection of Aral and Amu Darya, Nukus, Karakalpakstan (Uzbekistan)
123. Fikret Jafarov, chairman of the society "Sustainable development" (Azerbaijan)
124. Ibragimzhon Domulajanov, Association "For Environmentally Safe Ferghana" (Uzbekistan)
125. Ivar Dale, Senior Adviser, Norwegian Helsinki Committee (Norway)

126. Julia Sherwood, Board, Rights in Russia (UK)

127. Friederike Behr (Russia)

128. Nadezhda Azhgikhina, secretary of the Russian Union of Journalists, vise-president of the European Federation of Journalists (Russia)

129. Vladimir Slivyak, Ecodefense (Russia)

130. Rozlana Taukina, president of the Federation of Journalists for Equal Rights (Kazakhastan)

131. Ramazan Esergepov, chair of the Board of Kazakhastan Human Rights Foundation "Journalists in Danger" (Kazakhstan)

132. Irina Savostina, leader of the Republican Movement of the Retired in Kazakhastan "Generation" (Kazakhstan)

133. Dametken Alenova, head of the NGO "Unity" (Kazakhstan)

134. Naylya Ibragimova, human rights activist (Russia)

135. Natalija Bitiukova Deputy Director of the Human Rights Monitoring Institute (Lithuania)

136. Sergey Lukashevsky, director of Sakharov Center (Russia)

137. Oleg Orlov, member of the Council of Human Rights Memorial Center (Russia)

138. Simon Cosgrove, director, Rights in Russia (UK)

139. Svetlana Kuzevanova, lawyer, Mass Media Defence Centre (Russia)

140. Asmik Novikova, head of Research department of Public Verdict Foundation (Russia)

141. Lidia Zlatogorskaya, chair of Saratov branch of Russian Union of Journalists (Russia)

142. Olena Suslova, chair of the Board of the Women informational and consultative center (Ukraine)

143. Aimée Vega Montiel, member of the Global Alliance on Media and Gender (GAMAG) 

144. Agata Teutsch, president of Autonomy Foundation (Poland)

145. InnaTregubova educational programs сoordinator,  Mass Media Defence Centre (Russia) 

146. Elena Nadtoka, journalist (Russia)

147. Dr. Henning Pietzsch (Germany)

148. Lyubov Shtylyova, senior researcher of the Institute for Study of childhood, family and training of the Russian Academy of Education (Russia)

149. Irina Paikacheva, NGO Lawyers for human rights (Russia)

150. Askhat Kayumov, ecological center "Dront" (Russia)

151. Vyacheslav Paikachev, human rights activist (Russia) 

152. Gleb Paikachev, human rights activist (Russia) 

153. Bekhan Pliev, human rights activist (Russia) 

154. Alexander Cherkasov, Chair of the Board of the Human Rights Centre "Memorial" (Russia)

155. Tatyana Lysenko, deputy chair of Adygeya republican chapter of All-Russian Society for the Protection of Nature (Russia)

156. Irina Reznikova, member of Kostroma chapter of Russian Socio-Ecological Union (Russia)

157. Dmitry Ryabov, Yaroslavl environmental NGO "Green Branch" (Russia)

158. Alexander Gavrilov, environmentalist, Kazan (Russia)

159. Sergey Shapkhaev, environmentalist, Ulan-Ude (Russia)

160. Elena Grishina, consultant of the Moscow Helsinki Group (Russia) 

161. Natalya Samover, the Sakharov Centre (Russia)

162. Alexander Daniel, "Memorial" Society (Russia)

163. Oleg Novikov, "Public Verdict" Foundation (Russia)

164. Elena Pershakova, "Public Verdict" Foundation (Russia)

165. Alexander Shkrebets, director of Transboundary Environmental Information Agency (TEIA) (Russia)

166. Vladimir Shestakov, environmental activist (Russia)

167. Emma Felydshteyn, head of Dzerzhunsk Human Rights Center (Russia)

168. Kaysha Atakhanova, Association for the Development of Civil Society "ARGO" (Kazakhstan)

169. Malkhaz Chemiya, director of the Institute of Refugee and Minority Problems (Georgia)

170. Gudrun Wolff, member of the presidium of the Society for the Development of German-Russian Relations (Germany)

171. Iulia Kharashvili, Chair person of the Women Association "Consent" (Georgia)

172. Irina Kizilova, journalist (Russia)

173. Muazama Burkhanova, Chair of Public Ecological Organization "Foundation to support civil initiatives" (Tajikistan)

174. Andrea Gullotta, researcher, Memorial (Italy)

175. Alexey Tokhtamysh, Russian Socio-ecological union, Simpheropol, Krym Republic

176. Sargsyan, Ekoclub "Tapan", Erevan, Armenia

177. Emil Shukurov, Kyrgyzstani ecological movement "Aleine" (Kyrgyzstan)

178. Oleg Bodrov, chair of the Board of the NGO «Green World» (Russia)

179. Valery Menshikov, member of the Council of the Ecological Policy Center (Russia)

180. Gennady Mingazov, member of the Council of the Association of Ecological Journalists of the Rusian Union of Journaists (Russia)

181. Nadezhda Poddubnaya, ecologist (Russia)

182. Maria Ruzina, coordinator of the «Save Utrish» Movement (Russia)

183. Olga Murashko, antropologist (Russia)

184. Karine Danielyan, Карине Даниелян, doctor of geographical sciences, professor, chair of the Association "For Sustainable Human Development" (Armenia)

185. Lidiya Baikova, chair of «Green Branch» NGO (Russia)

186. Sergey Mukhachyov, head of the Tatarstan branch of the Russian Socio-Ecological Union (Russia)

187. F. Kurbanova, executive secretary of the Tajik Socio-Ecological Union (Tajikistan)

188. Olga Speranskaya, CoChair IPEN/Eco-Accord, Россия 

189. Vyacheslav Charsky, AGAT Club (Kyrgyzstan)

190. Natalia Kravciuk, president of the Republican Center "Gutta-Club" (Moldova)

191 Valery Brinikh, ecologist, Adygeisk Society for Nature Conservation (Russia)

192. Anatoly Lebedev, Анатолий Лебедев, Bureau for Regional Public Campaigns (Russia)

193. Olga Senova, «Friends of the Baltic» (Russia)

194. Alexander Esipyonok, «Friends of the Baltic» (Russia)

195. Robert Hårdh, Executive Director, Civil Rights Defenders (Sweden)